"A Trip to the Moon", The Independent [3]

Author

Max Fleischer, Bray Pictograph Studios

Preview

Description

Illustration that imagines the inside of a rocket capable of carrying passengers, drawn by early animation pioneer Max Fleischer. Multiple images appear alongside The Independent article titled "A Trip to the Moon". These images were used in educational films (a new market) under the supervision of Fleischer himself. It was during his time at Bray that Max created Koko the Clown and the "Out of the Inkwell" series, for which he invented the rotoscoping animation technique. Photographs of Fleischer at Bray show a mix of animation and model work being produced for the educational films. These images proliferated much of the press surrounding Goddard during the 1920s and were reproduced in many newspaper articles during those years. The Bray/Fleischer images found in this series come from the three shorts in their "Mechanics and Science Films" series produced from 1918 to 1920, titled "All Aboard for the Moon", "Hello, Mars", and "If We Lived on the Moon". It is not a coincidence that these shorts were made the same year as the Goddard "moon rocket" press. Popular Science Monthly also had a hand in these shorts and are credited as "Edited By". This image comes from "All Aboard for the Moon".

"Goddard in the Press: Editorial Cartoons and Illustrations" collects editorial cartoons and illustrations that appeared alongside early print coverage of Robert Goddard. The scope is limited to everything within the public domain (up through 1929 at the time of this writing). From papers of record to local newspapers, the initial reportage around Goddard was largely a circus of groundless sensationalism.

Robert Goddard’s introduction as a public figure came soon after December of 1919, when Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections published his paper “A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes”. Detailing years of vacuum experiments, it provided the first published mathematical proof that solid-propellant rockets (he would not switch to liquid fuel until 1921) were capable of reaching beyond Earth’s atmosphere. The Smithsonian then, unconventionally, gave a press release for ‘Extreme Altitudes’ to announce Goddard’s findings. Goddard only mentions the Moon near the end of his nearly eighty-page paper. In a brief piece of extraneous speculation, he considers the challenge in acquiring proof of extreme altitudes, suggesting a mass of flash powder be sent to the Moon to ignite on impact. The flash of this ‘flash powder’ scenario proved too enticing to the Smithsonian publicist, who ended the press release by stating “the possibility of sending to the surface of the dark part of the Moon a sufficient amount of the most brilliant flash powder…. its successful trial would be of great general interest as the first actual contact between one planet and another”. Journalists saw ‘rocket’ and ‘Moon’ in the press release, and the media firestorm began.

Collected together, this series provides insight into Goddard as a public figure, the kinds of strategies and misinformed angles that can drive news cycles. News coverage of Goddard’s “Moon rocket” was worldwide, seeding Jules Verne’s visions of spaceflight into the realm of possibility for the public. The fantasy of Goddard’s ‘Moon rocket’ went on to ignite imaginations the worldwide over in the same way Verne’s fantasies had for Goddard himself.

Socio-culturally, it was a major contributor to the space craze of the 1920s, particularly in the United States, Germany, and post-revolutionary Russia. Not coincidentally, Hermann Oberth and Konstantin Tsiolkovoskii, along with Goddard, make up the ‘fathers of modern rocketry’ trifecta. These countries were already taken with space exploration, but the 1920s began to fuse space travel and national identity in ways that shaped 20th century history.

Goddard received almost no press at the time of his most famous achievement, successfully launching the world’s first liquid-propellant rocket on March 16, 1926.

Some of these illustrations reflect the time period in which they were written, may include outdated or offensive terminology and/or caricatures.

Photographs were scanned at 400dpi.

Date

1-31-1920

Type

image

Genre

illustration

Format

jpg

Keywords

Robert Goddard, press, newspapers, editorial cartoons, illustrations, moon, rockets, Max Fleischer, Bray Pictograph Studios

Recommended Citation

Fleischer, Max, ""A Trip to the Moon", The Independent [3]" (1920). Goddard in the Press: Editorial Cartoons and Illustrations (1920-1929) [In Progress]. 5.
https://commons.clarku.edu/goddardcartoons/5