Master of Public Administration for Senior Leadership
Date
5-2026
Document Type
Capstone
Degree Name
Master of Public Administration for Senior Leadership
Department
School of Professional Studies
Chief Instructor
Mary M. Piecewicz, MBA, MSPC, PMP
Keywords
Ghana, Diplomacy, Colonialism, Gay Rights, Economy
Abstract
This research examines the impact of anti LGBTQI+ legislation on diplomacy and economy in Africa, using Ghana as a case study. The study is motivated by the renewed wave of anti-LGBTQI+ legislative activism across parts of Africa and the significant domestic and international debate surrounding Ghana's Human Sexual Rights and Family Values Bill. The paper asks three central questions: what drives the rise of anti-LGBTQI+ legislation in Ghana, what economic consequences are associated with such legislation, and what diplomatic implications follow when a state adopts or advances laws widely perceived as discriminatory. To answer these questions, the study employs a qualitative desktop review design. It draws on peer reviewed scholarship, policy reports, official statements, donor communications, court-related developments, and credible international news coverage. The analytical approach combines thematic content analysis with limited comparative case analysis, especially with Uganda and Zambia, to identify patterns and likely consequences.
The study finds that anti-LGBTQI+ legislation in Ghana is driven by the interaction of colonial legal legacies, religious conservatism, cultural nationalism, domestic political incentives, and resistance to what many actors frame as external normative pressure. The findings further show that the economic risks associated with such legislation are not merely hypothetical. They includepotentiallossesinconcessionalfinancing,donorhesitation,weakenedinvestorconfidence, reputational damage, reduced tourism appeal, and indirect costs through public health and labor market exclusion. Diplomatically, the study finds that anti-LGBTQI+ legislation can intensify friction with bilateral partners, multilateral institutions, and international human rights bodies. These pressures may reduce Ghana's room for diplomatic maneuver, complicate development negotiations, and affect the country's image as a stable democratic partner.
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The paper concludes that anti-LGBTQI+ legislation should be understood not only as a domestic moral or legal issue, but also as a governance, development, and foreign policy issue. The Ghanaian case demonstrates how domestic legal choices can reverberate across aid relationships, market perceptions, and international legitimacy. The study recommends continued scholarly attention to the economic and diplomatic effects of rights-restrictive laws in Africa, as well as further country-specific research using mixed methods and longitudinal data to deepen causal analysis.
The paper further incorporates developments from 2026 to show that international pressure operates through more than formal state channels. The reported withdrawal by Lincoln University of an honorary doctorate for President John Dramani Mahama, the President’s subsequent public effort to de-escalate the issue by stating that anti-LGBTQ legislation was not the government’s foremost priority, and the immediate backlash from religious leaders and bill proponents together demonstrate how diplomatic, reputational, and domestic religious pressures can reinforce one another. These developments deepen the study’s argument that anti-LGBTQI+ legislation has consequences for international standing even before a bill is finally enacted. Ai used only for Grammer and formatting support.
Recommended Citation
Agyemang, Hunvilla, "The Impact of Anti LGBTQI+ Legistlation on Diplomacy and Economy in Africa: A Case Study of Ghana" (2026). Master of Public Administration for Senior Leadership. 3.
https://commons.clarku.edu/mpasl/3
