Sustainability and Social Justice
Document Type
Article
Abstract
All advanced industrialized societies face the problem of air pollution produced by motor vehicles. In spite of striking improvements in internal combustion engine technology, air pollution in most urban areas is still measured at levels determined to be harmful to human health. Throughout the 1990s and beyond, California and France both chose to improve air quality by means of technological innovation, adopting legislation that promoted clean vehicles, prominently among them, electric vehicles (EVs). In California, policymakers chose a technology-forcing approach, setting ambitious goals (e.g., zero emission vehicles), establishing strict deadlines and issuing penalties for non-compliance. The policy process in California called for substantial participation from the public, the media, the academic community and the interest groups affected by the regulation. The automobile and oil industries bitterly contested the regulation, in public and in the courts. In contrast, in France the policy process was non-adversarial, with minimal public participation and negligible debate in academic circles. We argue that California's stringent regulation spurred the development of innovative hybrid and fuel cell vehicles more effectively than the French approach. However, in spite of the differences, both California and France have been unable to put a substantial number of EVs on the road. Our comparison offers some broad lessons about how policy developments within a culture influence both the development of technology and the impact of humans on the environment. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLP 2007.
Publication Title
Policy Sciences
Publication Date
3-1-2007
Volume
40
Issue
1
First Page
1
Last Page
34
ISSN
0032-2687
DOI
10.1007/s11077-006-9022-7
Keywords
air pollution, electric and hybrid vehicles, environmental policy, policy styles, sustainable transport, technology policy
Repository Citation
Calef, David and Goble, Robert, "The Allure of Technology: How France and California Promoted Electric and Hybrid Vehicles to Reduce Urban Air Pollution" (2007). Sustainability and Social Justice. 173.
https://commons.clarku.edu/faculty_idce/173
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
