Indigenous Soil Knowledge, Grain Mixtures, and Climate Change in South Wollo, Ethiopia

Author

• Marshall Fredericksen, Clark UniversityFollow

Date

5-2026

Document Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Master of Science in Environmental Science and Policy (ES&P)

Department

Sustainability and Social Justice

Chief Instructor

Morgan Ruelle

Second Reader

Christian David Guzman

Keywords

Indigenous Knowledge, Africa, Food Systems, Soil, Climate

Abstract

Climate change and soil degradation pose escalating threats to smallholder farming systems across sub-Saharan Africa. Farmers rely on generations of Indigenous knowledge to inform their decisions about crop and soil management, yet Indigenous soil knowledge has historically been overlooked in formal literature. This study investigates the relationships among Indigenous soil knowledge, farmers' decision-making regarding grain mixtures, and measurable indicators of soil health across three farming communities in South Wollo, Ethiopia. Qualitative data from 78 semi-structured interviews were supplemented by simplified soil health assessments, including aggregate stability, particulate organic matter, pH, and available phosphorus across six farmer-identified soil types. Across these communities, farmers possessed extensive place-based knowledge regarding their soils and mixtures. 18 distinct soil types were identified, each with specific local nomenclature and fertility management. Farmers applied nuanced planting decisions for their grain mixtures, such as wheat-barley, faba bean-field pea, and sorghum varietal systems. These mixtures were consistently valued for their yield benefits, resilience to climate variability, and contributions to household food security. Soil health data also revealed significant differences in pH and particulate organic matter across soil types, with consistently low POM values across all sites, indicating a need for organic amendments. Despite deep reservoirs of intricate place-based knowledge, farmers face intensifying climate variability. This research focuses on farmers' knowledge of crop and soil management and how this relationship is shaped by climate pressures.

Recommended Citation

Fredericksen, Marshall, "Indigenous Soil Knowledge, Grain Mixtures, and Climate Change in South Wollo, Ethiopia" (2026). Sustainability and Social Justice. 8.
https://commons.clarku.edu/graduate_idce/8

Worcester

No